经济学人双语精读TE20230525期考研英语 Reservecurrencies:Heavyliesthecrown Thedollar’sdominanceisnotunderthreattoday。Buttherearelimitstothegreenback’spower 【1】Everysooftenanappetitesurgesforanalternativereservecurrencytothedollarandamarketboomsinpredictionsofthegreenback’simminentdemise。Fornearlythreequartersofacenturythedollarhasataglobalscaledominatedtrade,financeandtherainydayreserveportfoliosofcentralbanks。Yethighinflation,fractiousgeopoliticsandthesanctionsimposedbyAmericaanditsalliesoncountriessuchasRussiahavelatelycauseddollardoubterstobecomevocalonceagain。 【2】Oftentheseepisodesarefuelledbyaworldleader’sspasmofangertowardsthedollar。In1965ValryGiscardd’Estaing,thenFrance’sfinanceminister,ragedagainstthe“exorbitantprivilege”thegreenbackconferredonAmerica。ThistimeitwasLuizIncioLuladaSilva,Brazil’spresident,whoonarecentvisittoChinacalledforemergingmarketstotradeusingtheirowncurrencies。Atthesametime,asurginggoldpriceandafallinthedollar’sshareofglobalreserveshasrousedotherdoubters,whocanalsopointtothismonth’sadmissionbyJanetYellen,America’streasurysecretary,thatovertimeusingsanctions“couldunderminethehegemony”ofthecurrency。ItdoesnothelpthatAmericacouldsoonfaceafiscalcrisisifCongressfailstoraisetheceilingthatlimitshowmuchthegovernmentcanborrow。 【3】Yetthedoubters’excitementhasbecomedetachedfromreality。ThegreenbackexertsanalmightygravitationalpullontheworldeconomythathasnotmateriallyweakenedevenifAmericahasrecentlyfoundthattherearerealobstaclestoexploitingitscurrency’spreeminence。 【4】Thestartingadvantageofthedollarisimmense。Betweenathirdandahalfofglobaltradeisinvoicedindollars,asharethathasbeenrelativelystableoverthelongterm。Itisinvolvedinnearly90suchistheliquidityofthegreenbackthatifyouwanttoswapeurosforSwissfrancs,itcanbecheapertotradeviadollarsthantodosodirectly。Abouthalfofcrossborderdebtisdollardenominated。Andalthoughthedollar’sshareofcentralbankreserveshasfallenoverthelongterm,itstillaccountsforabout60ofthem。Thereisnosignofadramaticrecentchange,savethatwhichhasbeencausedmechanicallybycentralbanksrevaluingtheirportfoliostotakeaccountofexchangeratemovementsandhigherinterestratesinAmerica。 【5】Noothercurrencyisclosetomatchingthisecosystem’ssize,oritsfundamentalappeal:thesupplyofsafeassetsavailabletodollarinvestors。Theeurozoneisfragileanditssovereigndebtmarketismostlyfragmentedbetweenitsmemberstates。Chinacannotpossiblysatisfyglobaldemandforsafeassetssolongasitbothtightlycontrolsflowsofcapitalandrunscurrentaccountsurpluses(meaningitis,onnet,accumulatingfinancialclaimsontherestoftheworldratherthanviceversa)。Andthedollar,asthedominantcurrency,benefitsfromnetworkeffects。Peoplewanttousethecurrencyeveryoneelseisusing。 【6】Whatisincreasinglyclear,though,isthatindividualcountriescancircumventthedominantsystemiftheyreallywantto。ThoughRussia’swareconomyhasbeenwoundedbysanctions,ithasnotbeencrippled,inpartbecause16ofitsexportsarenowpaidforinyuan,upfromalmostnonebeforeitinvadedUkraine。 【7】China’salternativetotheSWIFTinterbankmessagingsystemhasbeengrowingrapidly。Ithasalsobeenswitchingmoreofitsbilateraltradetowardssettlementinrenminbianeasiertaskthanreplacingthedollarintradeflowsbetweenothercountries。EvenmanyfirmsintheWestnowuserenminbifortradewithChina。NewdigitalpaymentstechnologiesandcentralbankdigitalcurrenciescouldyetmakeiteasiertomovemoneyaroundtheworldwithoutinvolvingAmerica。 【8】Balanceofpower Moreover,MsYellenisrightthatusingthedollartopushcountriesaroundisnowaytomakeorkeepfriends。AmericahasnotplacedsecondarysanctionsoncountrieslikeIndiawhichstilltradewithRussia,becauseitfearsthebacklashthatwouldresult。Althoughashifttoamultipolarsystemofcurrenciesisnotimminent,itcouldoccurlaterthiscenturyasAmerica’sshareoftheworldeconomyshrinks。SuchasystemwouldbeinherentlylessstablethanonecentredonthedollarsoitwouldbeintheinterestsofneitherAmericanortheworldtohastentheshift。 短语: 1。原文:Thedollar’sdominanceisnotunderthreattoday 词典:underthreat受到威胁 例句:Theneweditionofthedictionarycarries7,000additionstothelanguage,whichpuristssayisunderthreat。 新版词典为该语种增加了7000个词条,纯粹派说该语种正受到威胁。 2。原文:andamarketboomsinpredictionsofthegreenback’simminentdemise。 词典:inpredictionsof预测 例句:Themodelisbetterworkinginforecastingofthewesterlybeltcirculationthaninpredictionofthesubtropicalcirculation。 模式对西风带大型环流形势的预报能力优于对副热带系统的预报能力。。 3。原文:Oftentheseepisodesarefuelledbyaworldleader’sspasmofangertowardsthedollar。 词典:spasmof痉挛(情绪) 例句:Forthefirsttime,aspasmoffearflittedacrossQuirrellsface。 奇洛的脸上第一次闪过一丝恐惧的震颤。 4。原文:ragedagainstthe“exorbitantprivilege”thegreenbackconferredonAmerica。 词典:conferon授予 例句:Honorarydegreesareoftenconferredonnonacademicleadersinthearts,business,andpolitics。 荣誉学位通常授予艺术、商业和政治领域的非学术领袖。 5。原文:Yetthedoubters’excitementhasbecomedetachedfromreality。 词典:detachfrom从。。。脱离 例句:Hetriestoremainemotionallydetachedfromtheprisoners,butfails。 他想尽力保持对囚犯们不掺杂个人感情,却做不到。 6。原文:Thereisnosignofadramaticrecentchange,savethatwhichhasbeencausedmechanically 词典:savethat除了。。。之外 例句:Theyfoundoutnothingmoresavethatshehadborneachild。 他们只查明她生过一个孩子,其他情况一无所获。 7。原文:bycentralbanksrevaluingtheirportfoliostotakeaccountofexchangeratemovementsandhigherinterestratesinAmerica。 词典:takeaccountof考虑到;顾及 例句:Theessenceofconsultationistolistento,andtakeaccountof,theviewsofthoseconsulted。 咨询的本质是倾听并把那些被咨询者的观点考虑进来。 8。原文:meaningitis,onnet,accumulatingfinancialclaimsontherestoftheworldratherthanviceversa) 词典:claimon索赔;对。。。有要求;声称 例句:Theyclaimontheirwebsitethattheyhave38。 他们在他们的网站上声称他们拥有38只。 9。原文:MsYellenisrightthatusingthedollartopushcountriesaroundisnowaytomakeorkeepfriends。 词典:pusharound把。。。推来推去;摆布 例句:Ifyoudonthaveboundaries,youwilleasilybepushedaroundbythepeopleinyourenvironment。 如果你没有界限感,你会很容易被周围环境的人影响。 10。原文:soitwouldbeintheinterestsofneitherAmericanortheworldtohastentheshift。 词典:intheinterestsof为了。。。利益起见 例句:Sointheinterestoflongtermhealth,itsnotagreathabittoholdyourpee。 为了长期健康的考虑,憋尿不是好习惯。 长难句 1。原文:Yethighinflation,fractiousgeopoliticsandthesanctionsimposedbyAmericaanditsalliesoncountriessuchasRussiahavelatelycauseddollardoubterstobecomevocalonceagain。 2。分析:本句的结构是主谓宾,主语是highinflation,fractiousgeopoliticsandthesanctions,谓语是havelatelycaused,宾语是 tobecomevocalonceagain 是宾补。 imposed修饰几个主语名词,为过去分词 by Americaanditsallies为imposed动作的发出者 过去分词作 后置定语,修饰 sanctions ,oncountriessuchasRussia为动作接受者。 3。译文:然而,高通胀、 动荡 棘手的地缘政治,以及美国和其盟友对俄罗斯等国实施的制裁, 最近让美元怀疑论者再次发声。 最近再次引起对美元持怀疑态度的人再次发声。 1。原文:Atthesametime,asurginggoldpriceandafallinthedollar’sshareofglobalreserveshasrousedotherdoubters,whocanalsopointtothismonth’sadmissionbyJanetYellen,America’streasurysecretary,thatovertimeusingsanctions“couldunderminethehegemony”ofthecurrency。 2。分析:本句结构是主谓宾,主语较长为asurginggoldpriceandafallinthedollar’sshareofglobalreserves,谓语为hasroused,宾语who修饰otherdoubters,引导定语从句,定从主语为otherdoubters,谓语为canalsopointto,宾语为thismonth’后面的America’streasurysecretary为JanetYellen的同位语;that引导宾语从句,其实是hasrousedthat,从句主语为overtimeusingsanctions,谓语是宾语为thehegemony”ofthecurrency。 3。译文:与此同时,金价的飙升和美元在全球储备中所占份额的下降也引起了其他怀疑者的注意,他们还指出,本月美国财政部长珍妮特耶伦(JanetYellen)承认,随着时间的推移,不断采取制裁政策“可能会破坏美元的支配地位”。 写作技巧: Oftentheseepisodesarefuelledbyaworldleader’sspasmofangertowardsthedollar。 这些事件往往是由一位世界领导人对美元的愤怒所造成的。 表达:befuelledby加速;推动,写作时表示“原因、由。。。造成的”时,可以使用该表达。 例句:Thedevelopmentseemsirreversible,andisfuelledbytheflourishingindustryofManaus。 马瑙斯繁荣的工业推动了这一发展,似乎是不可逆转的。 背景知识: SWIFT(银行结算系统):SWIFT又称:环球同业银行金融电讯协会,它是国际银行同业间的国际合作组织,成立于一九七三年,全球大多数国家大多数银行已使用SWIFT系统。SWIFT的使用,使银行的结算提供了安全、可靠、快捷、标准化、自动化的通讯业务,从而大大提高了银行的结算速度。由于SWIFT的格式具有标准化,信用证的格式主要都是用SWIFT电文。 段落大意: 【1】美元的主导地位再次引发怀疑 【2】引发怀疑的原因 【3】美元的地位仍不可撼动 【4】【5】美元的巨大优势 【6】越来越多西方公司以人民币为结算方式 【7】多极货币体系或许不稳定 PS:各位研友下载请文末点击阅读原文。 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