英语成语故事后来居上附翻译

　　JiAnlivedatthetimeofEmperorWudioftheWesternHanDynasty（206B。C。A。D。24）。Hewasrespectedforbeinguprightandjustandfordaringtospeakthetruth。Hedidnotbotheraboutamallmattersinpersonalbehaviourandinbeinganofficial。Hewasparticularaboutactualeffectsand，althoughhedidnotcauseastir，hecouldkeeptheprefecturehegovernedinperfectorder。Becauseofthis。theimperialcourttransferredhimtothecentralgovernmentfrombeingtheperfectoftheDonghaiPrefecturetobeingacommanderinchargeoftheappointmentanddismissalofthelocalofficals。
　　Once，EmperorWudisaidthathewouldimplementthepolicyofbenevolenceandjusticeofConfucianismandwoulddogoodturnstothepeople。EmperorWudiHadhardlyfinishedhisremardswhenJiAnsaidthattherewasnoneedfortheemperortosayso。Whyshouldtheemperorbother，JiAnsaid，aboutpretendingtoimplementthepolicyofbenevolenceandjusticesincehewassogreedyandavariciouswithinhimself？Thischokedtheemperoroff。TheemperorsuddenlyChangedhiscountenanceanddeclaredthemeetingover。AllthecivilianandmilitaryofficersatcourtwerebreathlesswithanxietyforfearthatJiAnmightbringdisasteruponhimselfbecauseofthis。Afterreturning，EmperorWudisaidtothepeoplearoundhimthatJiAnwasalittletoorudeandtoostraightforward。
　　Forthisreason，JiAnwasneverpromotedagain。Whenhewasthecommanderinchargeoftheappointmentanddismissalofthelocalofficials，bothGongsunHongandZhangTangwerelowrankinglfficialsoflittleimportance。Later，theywerepromotedcontinuously。GongsunHongbecametheprimeministerandZhangTangbecametheimperialcensor。However，JiAn39；spostremainedthesame。Oneday，JiAnsaidtoEmperorWudithatthewaytheemperorusedhisministerswasjustlikepilingupfirewood，whichmeantthatthelatecomerssurpassedtheoldtimers。Ofcourse，EmperorWudicouldseethatJiAnwascomplaining。So，turningtohisministers，EmperorWudisaid，Itistruethatnoonecanstoplearning。Yousee，JiAnismakingmoreandmoreindiscreetremarks。
　　ThisstorycomesfromTheHistoricalRecords。Latergenerationsusethesetphrasethelatecomerssurpasstheoldtimerstoindicatethatsuccessorscancxcelthepredecessors，whichisquitedifferentfromtheoriginalideawhenJiAnsaidthatthelatecomerssurpassedtheoldtimers。
　　汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉一种主管地方吏任免的官职。
　　有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。
　　从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是后来者居上啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！
　　故事出自《史记汲郑列传》。成语后来居上，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。